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Authors
Hou, Shuanglong
Zhao, Xin
Liu, Rui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project (22YXYJ0125)
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: The entire study process adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study results were reported following the STROBE guidelines. The protocol for the CHARLS cohort was authorized by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015), and all participants provided written informed consent at the time of participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
