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Authors
Tadesse, Gebresilassie
Nakie, Girum
Rtbey, Gidey
Tinsae, Techilo
Fentahun, Setegn
Andualem, Fantahun
Kelebie, Mulualem
Wassie, Yilkal Abebaw
Tsegaw, Tigist Kifle
Kibralew, Getasew
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: The DHS data from four East African countries were collected in accordance with both national and international ethical guidelines. Approval to use the datasets was granted by the DHS Program on 22 December 2024 (Request Date: 21 December 2024). The DHS Program has obtained ethical clearance from the ICF Institutional Review Board and relevant national ethics committees in each survey country. All DHS data are anonymised before release, and no identifiable information is included. At the time of data collection, all study participants provided informed consent, and data were collected anonymously. The study’s purpose and the voluntary nature of participation were clearly explained to participants by the data collectors. Ethical guidelines were rigorously followed to ensure privacy and confidentiality, with minimal risk to participants. Additional information regarding the DHS data and ethical standards is available at .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
