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Authors
Buawangpong, Nida
El-Khani, Aala
Aramrattana, Apinun
Chutima, Chalermkwan
Arunrangsi, Watjana
Tantihachai, Chiraporn
Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri
McCoy, Amalee
Rinpon, Kawinthip
Nantsupawat, Nopakoon
Peters, Karen
Lynn, Zin Ko Ko
Maalouf, Wadih
Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Office of the Narcotic Control Board
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted following the review and approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (Ethical approval number: 0498/2024). All participants provided written informed consent prior to study commencement in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
