Thiel, J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1951-1678
Henke, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-2676
Sedlmayr, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-8460
Baumann, A. A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8946-8741
Weidner, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-8147
Staudt, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-1999
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität Dresden
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee (SR-EK-479112023/2024) at the Faculty of Medicine of the Technical University Dresden.This study was approved by the relevant ethics committee, ensuring compliance with § 29 (3) 1 SächsKHG, which permits data processing for research when the public interest outweighs individual data protection concerns. The patient data from the Chemnitz Hospital was anonymized before the data was provided to the research team. Identifiable details were modified (e.g., age grouped in 5-year categories, postal codes truncated) to prevent re-identification. No external data sharing occurred. Given these safeguards, explicit patient consent was not required. The need for informed consent was waived by ethics committee (SR-EK-479112023/2024).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.