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Authors
Yang, Yiying
Dong, Jiacheng
Qin, Peiyuan
Guo, Yu
Ge, Hengchao
Li, Degui
Wu, Zhen
Xiao, Lulu
Hu, Linlin
Dong, Yan
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was conducted by the Ethics Committee of the The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang (QT-20221118001-02). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and provided written consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time without consequence.
: All data in this study have been anonymized, rendering them unidentifiable to any individual. Therefore, obtaining separate consent for publication is not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission, however this has now been rectified with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means without written permission of PAR (www.parinc.com).
