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Authors
Núñez-Vásquez, Cristina
Lalangui-Vivanco, Karina
Izurieta-Guevara, Mónica
Altuna, Yekaterina
Simancas-Racines, Daniel
Quentin, Emmanuelle
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. The study used aggregated data from INEC, the official national statistical authority of Ecuador, which are available for public access. No individual-level information or personal identifiers were used. In accordance with national ethical guidelines, formal ethical approval was not required, as the study did not involve direct interaction with participants or access to private health records. All procedures adhered to ethical principles of privacy, confidentiality, and responsible use of administrative health data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
