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Authors
Zhu, Wenjing https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1142-151X
Song, Jingwen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2305-7074
Luo, Yang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0494-9643
Xu, Aijun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1444-7255
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province (KYCX25_2435)
Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (24JZD043)
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Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: All subjects signed an informed consent form and CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey is IRB00001052-11015.
: All authors consent to publish this article in the Archives of Public Health journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
