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Authors
Zhang, Liujin
Zheng, Chao
Sun, Qiang
Yin, Jia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QG034)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: According to the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China’s “Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans” document, the use of anonymized information data or biological samples for research can be exempted from ethical review on the premise that the use of human information data or biological samples does not cause harm to the human body, and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. The informed consent of the respondents was obtained for this study, and the data was anonymized when the data was analyzed, complying with the exemption from ethical review.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
