Xu, Xinyu
Chen, Huimin
Cao, Ruoyun
Mu, Yuhong
Sun, Hongpeng
Yan, Chaoyang
Funding for this research was provided by:
A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
:
: All cycles of the CHARLS survey were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.