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Association between PM2.5 exposure and child mortality from lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in India: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study (1990–2021)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01824-9

Published Online: 2026-01-21

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Roy, Chandan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-4263
Ghosh, Pritam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-7259
Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-3119
Marzo, Roy Rillera https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-4010
Kumar, Saurav https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-7594
Pandey, Kusum https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4888-6650
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-21

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-18
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Article History

Received: 15 May 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available data from the GBD 2021 database, and no individual-level data were analysed. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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