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Authors
Kim, Hugh Andrew Jinwook
Fu, Rui
Kamalraj, Pabiththa
Irish, Jonathan C.
Wright, Frances C.
Earle, Craig C.
Christopoulos, Apostolos
Hildebrand, Kevin A.
Enepekides, Danny
Hallet, Julie
Eskander, Antoine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sunnybrook Research Institute and Sunnybrook Foundation (COVID-19 Response Grant)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#179892)
Government of Ontario (Ontario Health Data Platform)
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Board of Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (#5876). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study. All study procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and provided written consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time without consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
