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Authors
Kim, Byul Nim
Kim, Suhyeon
Seo, Haram
Chowell, Gerardo
Lee, Sunmi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A5A1033624)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A5A1033624)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A5A1033624)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A5A1033624)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available, de-identified secondary data and did not involve human subjects research. According to national guidelines, research using fully anonymized public data is exempt from institutional ethics review; therefore, formal ethics approval was not required. Consent to participate was not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
