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Authors
Miño, Camila
Rahmati, Masoud
Yañéz-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Héctor
Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge
Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan
Yon, Dong Keon
Stubbs, Brendon
Smith, Lee
López‒Gil, José Francisco
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 21 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethics approval from institutions was secured in each participating country, and written informed consent was obtained from schools, adolescents, and their parents or legal guardians. Given that this study involved a secondary analysis of anonymized data, it was not required to obtain approval from an Ethics Committee. Participants and/or the public were not involved in the design, execution, reporting, or dissemination strategies of this research. Ethical approval from the relevant institutions was secured in each participating country, and written informed consent was obtained from schools, adolescents, and their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
