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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Research ethics board approvals were obtained at each participating institution: the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Calgary (Alberta); the Clinical Research Ethics Board at the University of British Columbia (British Columbia); the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Manitoba (Manitoba); the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board at Dalhousie University (Nova Scotia); and the Biomedical Research Ethics Board at the University of Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan), except at ICES in Ontario, where research ethics board approval was not legally required. Informed consent was not required because this study used anonymized administrative data. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.