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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 24 March 2026

First Online: 16 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. Ethical approval was not required for this study because it did not involve direct interaction with human participants, nor did it collect or use sensitive personal information. All data used were pre-published, non-identifiable, and publicly available, ensuring compliance with ethical research standards.

: Not applicable, as this study does not include identifiable personal data or images of participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.