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Authors
Muhindo, Richard
King, Rachel
Mujugira, Andrew
Irie, Whitney
Kitutu, Freddy Eric
Olum, Ronald
Muwanguzi, Patience
Castelnuovo, Barbara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethics approval from the Infectious Diseases Institute Research Ethics Committee (IDI-REC-2024-96) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS4747ES). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) National Guidelines for Research Involving Humans as Research Participants (2014). All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and provided written informed consent in English or their local language prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time without consequences and were compensated for their time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
