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Authors
Fukusada, Masaki https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5508-0852
Saito, Masashige
Watanabe, Ryota
Kobayashi, Shuhei
Ide, Kazushige
Kondo, Katsunori
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23H00060)
Yamaha Motor Company
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJOP1831)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 2 May 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University (approval date: August 24, 2021, approval No.: M10065), and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed that participation was voluntary and that refusing to participate would not result in any disadvantage.
: Not applicable.
: This study was conducted through the JST-OPERA program, during which, Nihon Fukushi University served as a partner institution. Following the program’s completion, a collaborative research agreement was established between Chiba University and Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., with Chiba University entering into a subcontract agreement with Nihon Fukushi University. Saito M received funding from Chiba University, while Kondo K and Ide K received funding from Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
