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Authors
Ahmed, Mohamed Mustaf https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5991-4052
Omar, Mohamed Abdirahim https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5933-3846
Hassan, Yahye Sheikh Abdulle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-3000
Ali, Abdirasak Sharif https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-5778
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used secondary data from the 2020 SHDS. The SHDS was conducted in accordance with established ethical guidelines and received ethical approval from the Somalia National Health Research Ethics Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. The present study involved secondary analysis of anonymized survey data and therefore did not require additional ethical approval.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
