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Authors
Matisāne, Linda
Pavlovska, Ilona
Matisāne, Monta
Paegle, Linda
Bēce, Linda
Āboliņš, Valters
Akūlova, Lāsma
Strēle, Ieva
Vanadziņš, Ivars
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
National Research Programme of Latvia within the project “Development of Human Biomonitoring Programme for Latvia (HBM4LV)” (VPP-VM-Sabiedrības_Veselība-2023/4-0001)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board—Ethics Committee of the Rīga Stradiņš University (approval No. 2-PĒK-4/545/2024, dated 29 August 2024 and approval No. 2-PĒK-4/519/2024, dated 03 August 2024). All samples and answers to the questionnaire were collected with written informed consent from participants, and personal data were processed solely for research purposes. Strict data protection measures were implemented, including anonymizing participants using ID numbers to prevent the identification of individual participants. All the data is securely stored in compliance with the approved ethical guidelines, inaccessible to unauthorized individuals.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. All data presented in this study are fully anonymised, and no identifiable individual information is included.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
