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Authors
Guo, Lin
Yue, Jianing
Fan, Chengxin
Li, Shanna
Zhu, Jing
Zhang, Linlin https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2170-6254
Liu, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (2024RCZXSK06)
Research Project of the School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (yjkt202505)
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study involves the secondary analysis of de-identified, publicly available data and was therefore considered exempt from further ethical review. The original data collection for each cohort was approved by their respective Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or ethics committees.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
