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Authors
Schumacher, Joseph E.
Ahsan, Abdullah
Simpler, Amber H.
Natoli, Adam P.
Cain, Bradley J.
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Accepted: 18 February 2025
First Online: 7 March 2025
Declarations
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: Because the data were decoupled from identifiers (i.e., name, booking/medical record numbers, dates of birth, dates of arrest, and social security numbers), Salus IRB (Case ID #23102-01) determined that this archival project did not involve human subjects and would not require institutional review board (IRB) approval.
: Not applicable. All the material in our manuscript is the original work of the authors and does not require permission to publish.
: De-identified health data for this study were provided to the authors under a confidential data-sharing agreement between NaphCare, Inc. and NaphCare Charitable Foundation, Inc. Despite being separate entities, through advertisement or other means, NaphCare, Inc. could potentially benefit from the publication of this paper.
