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Article History

Received: 11 July 2024

Accepted: 27 May 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The outpatient clinic received approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority to use the collected clinical data for research and development (reference number 2022-04639). This approval ensured adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2022). The treatment intervention was legally compliant and adhered to the standards of good quality outlined in the Swedish Social Services Act [] (SFS 2001:453, 3. Ch., 3§) and the Swedish Health and Medical Services Act [] (SFS 2017:30, 5. Ch., 1§, 1 point). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Upon admission to the treatment program, all clients received both written and verbal information regarding the potential use of their clinical data for research and development. The clients were given the option to consent to or decline this use, with no risk of the decision affecting their participation in the treatment program. All paper-based client data and documentation are securely stored in accordance with the Swedish Patient Data Act [] (SFS 2008:355). Once a year, paper-based clinical data are transferred to an Excel file and pseudonymized. The electronic dataset does not contain any personal information that could lead to the identification of the individuals.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. We confirm that we have obtained consent from all participants involved in the study and that all authors consent to the publication of this manuscript in the journal Addiction Science & Clinical Practice.

: KB is the director of the addiction outpatient clinic. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.