Marotta, Phillip L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-1736
Biaid, Miryam
Heimer, Robert
Humphries, Debbie
Wang, Katie
Narayanan, Nithya
Lynch, Zach
McKay, Virginia
Reno, Hilary
Winograd, Rachel
Goddard-Eckrich, Dawn
Filiatreau, Lindsey
Stringer, Kristi
Backes, Kaileigh
Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R25037190)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K12041449)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA057136)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA045738)
Article History
Received: 15 September 2023
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Informed consent was obtained electronically followed by an online self-administered anonymous survey that took on average approximately 45Â min to complete. No identifiable information, including IP addresses, was collected ensuring respondent privacy. The Washington University and Yale University Institutional Review Boards approved this study.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.