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Authors
Stipek, Jordan
Mootz, Jennifer J.
Johnson, Frank L.
Hallgren, Kevin A.
Brown, Atasha L.
Perron, Alexandra
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Alexander, Clinton
Greenfield, Brenna L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health (R61/R33DA049386)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Tribal Nation IRB (12/28/21) and the University of Minnesota IRB (STUDY00013546). The IRBs approved a waiver of written documentation of consent for this study because of its sensitive nature. All participants provided verbal consent for participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
