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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in compliance with French and European regulations on data protection [ ], as well as the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave their consent for the use of their data. The data collected were fully anonymous, as the individuals attending the harm reduction center were not required to provide any identifiable personal information during their visits. No names, contact details, or other direct or indirect identifiers were collected. Consequently, the dataset used for this research cannot be traced back to any specific individual, making it impossible to identify individuals. Completely anonymized datasets fall outside the scope of data protection laws [ ] and do not require specific authorization or declaration to the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) [ ]. The study design ensured strict adherence to these principles, guaranteeing the protection of participant privacy. The study protocol was approved by the hospital review board (CEREVI/2026/054).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.