Conroy, Amy A.
Butterfield, Rita M.
Chibi, Buyisile
Msimango, Lindani
Starks, Tyrel J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R34-AA029649)
NIAAA (P60-AA032189)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the UCSF Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) and the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Research Ethics Committee (REC) in South Africa. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: All authors approve the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.