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Authors
Smith, Allison J.
Witcraft, Sara M.
Lane, Suzanne
Guille, Constance
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Southern Consortium Node of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (UG1 DA013727)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K12 DA031794)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services (U66RH31458)
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board (Protocol #00102868) and it was exempt from full IRB review. The study involved retrospective analysis of electronic health records and did not involve direct interaction with individuals as research participants. Records were de-identified prior to investigator access through the institutional honest broker system; therefore, informed consent was not required.
: Consent from individual patients was not obtained as no identifiable information is reported.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
