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Authors
Miller, Megan
Song, Minna
Bessler, Alexandra
Ruelas-Vargas, Kristianny
Frank, David
Harris, Samantha J.
Gibbons, Jason B.
Jordan, Ashly E.
Krawczyk, Noa
Saloner, Brendan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA058117)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in accordance with the norms of the Belmont Report. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Board (IRB00421590). Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
