Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hanoum, Syarifa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-2429
Palalic, Ramo
Durman, Theodosia Yunita https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7012-3693
Shubbak, Mahmood https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-2790
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 23 June 2025
Declarations
:
: This study involved the voluntary participation of adult SME owners who were informed about the purpose of the research, their right to confidentiality, and their ability to withdraw at any time without penalty. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Consent to publish has been obtained from all participants involved in the study. No individual patient data or information requiring parental or legal guardian consent is included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. We confirm that we have read and adhered to SpringerOpen’s policy on competing interests.
