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Article History

Received: 29 December 2023

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 1 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of Woldia University, under the College of Business and Economics. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and written consent was obtained before data collection. Participants were assured that their information would remain confidential and be used solely for academic purposes.

: Written consent for publication was obtained from all study participants whose personal or identifiable information is included in this manuscript. Participants were fully informed about the nature of the publication and agreed to the use of their data for academic and research dissemination purposes. Proof of consent can be provided upon request.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.