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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 14 March 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This protocol was reviewed and approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HiREB).

: Not applicable.

: B. Sadeghirad reports receiving research funding from Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), Michael G. De Groote Institute for Pain Research and Care, and Chronic Pain Centre of Excellence for Canadian Veterans to study different aspects of postsurgical pain. I. Gilron has received funding support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research SPOR Chronic Pain Network; consultancy fees from Vertex, Reckitt Benckiser, Combigene, and Eli Lilly. J.W. Busse is funded, in part, by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Research Chair in Prevention & Management of Chronic Pain. A. Iorio reports reports that the Health Information Research Unit and McMaster University are receiving funds from research grants or research service agreements from CIHR, PHAC, CAD, ACP, EBSCO, Bayer, CLS, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda. C. Righolt is employed by the Orthopaedic Innovation Centre and has received institutional research funding from Pfizer for an unrelated study. C. Righolt and E. Bohm have received institutional research funding from DePuy-Synthes, Zimmer-Biomet, Smith and Nephew, Stryker, and Hip Innovation Technology for unrelated studies. E. Bohm has received consulting fees from Stryker. J. khan reports receiving grant funding from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical Cancer Research, Arthritis Society, Canadian Anesthesia Research Foundation and is personally supported by a Merit Award from the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the University of Toronto. The remaining authors declare that they have no relevant competing interests.