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Authors
Saito, Hiroki
Okamoto, Koh
Fankhauser, Carolina
Tartari, Ermira
Pittet, Didier
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2023
Accepted: 30 May 2023
First Online: 9 June 2023
Declarations
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: According to the national guidelines by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan, ethical approval was not required at St. Marianna University as this study was conducted as a quality improvement project, and no patient individual data were used. Consent to participate was implied when participants completed the questionnaire surveys.
: Not applicable.
: HS declared that his hand hygiene related research outside Japan is partially funded by Saraya Co.Ltd, which logistically supported the 1st TTT in Japan but played no role in the study conduct, analysis, or manuscript writing. All other authors declared no conflict of interest for this manuscript.
