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Authors
Ghannam, Ibrahim Amer
Owdetallah, Shams Riad
Alkhatib, Sara Khaled
Zboun, Deema Issa
Alhelale, Esra Ahmed
Najjar, Khalid Ayman
Ghannam, Yahya Ibrahim
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Al-Quds University Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 442/REC/2024). Patient data were obtained retrospectively from the Palestinian Ministry of Health, adhering to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. To ensure confidentiality, all data were anonymized, with no personally identifiable information included, safeguarding the privacy and rights of the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
