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Authors
Ma, Yonghui
Xia, Yujie
Zhang, Xing
Yue, Xia
Wang, Jixia
Kong, Li
Li, Yusen
Li, Ning
Wang, Juan
Meng, Xiujuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Knowledge-Action Problems of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (NO.ZX-MS-2023-02)
Knowledge-Action Problems of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (ZX-ZD-2023-01)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MH325)
Key Research and Development Project of Jining City (2023YXNS041)
Doctor Research Fund (2022-BS-01)
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 1 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (2024-01-C029). All human participants provided their consent.
: All authors reviewed and approved the final version and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work, including any issues related to accuracy or integrity.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
