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Authors
Pfuderer, Lara
Friedl, Andrée
Wiggli, Benedikt
Grass, Robert
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Board of the Northwestern and Central Switzerland (EKNZ) reviewed the study protocol and formally waved the necessity for a full ethics review based on the Swiss Law on Research on Humans [Req-2024-00797]. Study participants, adult healthcare workers and doctors, gave oral consent to participate, after being given information about the lipid nanoparticle surrogates. No personal information was collected or used.
: Not applicable.
: L.P. and R.G. filed a patent application on the use of LNPs as pathogen surrogates, registered by ETH Zurich.
