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Article History

Received: 28 January 2025

Accepted: 24 January 2026

First Online: 8 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was developed in collaboration with the heads of the two wards (medical, midwives, nurses). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and after approval by the Gabonese Ministry of Health. Research authorization was granted by the Director General of the hospital. Mothers of the newborns received an information sheet detailing the objectives, methodology, and expected benefits of the study, as well as the procedures for biological sample collection (rectal swab from both mother and newborn, blood culture from the newborn in case of signs of infection) and medical data collection. After a discussion providing a full explanation of the study, they were able to give free and informed consent. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained for all collected data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.