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Authors
Jadeja, Nidhee
Matula, Samuel T.
Magagani, Ludo
Mokomane, Margaret
Zhu, Nina
Coffin, Susan E.
Steenhoff, Andrew P.
Kagiso, Margaret
Nakstad, Britt
Holmes, Alison
Strysko, Jonathan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Foundation (MRF-145-00040TPG-AVISO Doctoral Training Partnership)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 14 March 2026
First Online: 29 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the following Ethics Committees and Institutional Review Boards: the University of Botswana (UBR/RES/IRB/BIO/304), Princess Marina Hospital (PMH 2/2A9&)/200), the Ministry of Health Botswana (HPRD:6/13/1), and the Head of Department of Infectious Disease and the Research Governance and Integrity Team (RGIT) at Imperial College London (21IC7194). All participants were given written information about the study before providing informed consent. They were explicitly informed that their participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without consequence. This information was also reiterated orally at the beginning of each interview, and participants were given the opportunity to ask questions. To ensure confidentiality, each interview was assigned a unique code number, and all data were anonymised for analysis and presentation. Any other potentially identifying details were removed from the interview transcripts.
: Not applicable. All participants gave consent for anonymised data from interviews to be used in publications, reports, and presentations arising from the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
