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Authors
Ocheni, Hannah Ojonogecha
Egga, Dennis Kudu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-2683
Aremu, Stephen Olaide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7254
Akyala, Adamu Ishaku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6104
Barkhadle, Abdillahi Abdi
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 version) as adopted by the World Medical Association. Ethical approval for the study was secured from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Nasarawa State Ministry of Health. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after the study objectives were explained. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality of respondents was strictly maintained throughout the study process. All collected data were handled with utmost confidentiality and were used solely for research purposes. The study procedures adhered to the Nigerian Data Protection Regulation (NDPR, 2019) to ensure data privacy, security, and responsible handling of personal information. No identifying information was disclosed to third parties, and data were anonymized before analysis to maintain participant privacy throughout the research process.
: Not applicable.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
