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Article History

Received: 24 February 2023

Accepted: 12 August 2023

First Online: 2 September 2023

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany (approval no. 437/20 S-KH) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: FV reports personal fees, non-financial support from Gilead Sciences, and grants from MSD outside the submitted work. The institution of E.D.W., R.S., and W.B. received Funding from Inflammatix, Gentian, and B. Braun Melsungen. JS reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from AbbVie, Gilead, Janssen, and Dr. Falk GmbH. UP received personal fees from Abbott, Abbvie, Arbutus, Gilead, GSK, J&J, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, Sobi, and Vaccitech. UP is co-founder and shareholder of SCG Cell Therapy. The UP laboratory received grants from Hoenle AG and SCG Cell Therapy. The State of Bavaria supported the project via research networks FOR-COVID and Bay-VOC, by the project “Virological and immunological determinants of COVID-19 pathogenesis—lessons to get prepared for future pandemics (KA1-Co-02 “COVIPA”),” a grant from the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund, by the European Commission FET Open Grant VIROFIGHT (Grant No. 899619). CS reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca; personal fees and non-financial support from B. Braun Melsungen; personal fees from BioNTech; grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences; grants and personal fees from Janssen-Cilag; personal fees from Eli Lilly; personal fees from Formycon; personal fees from Pfizer; personal fees from Roche; other from Apeiron; grants and personal fees from MSD; grants from Cepheid; personal fees from GSK; personal fees from molecular partners; other from Eli Lilly; personal fees from SOBI during the conduct of the study; personal fees from AbbVie; personal fees from MSD; personal fees from Synairgen; and grants and personal fees from ViiV Healthcare outside the submitted work.