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Article History

Received: 3 November 2024

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 4 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The animal study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines set forth by the Ethics Committee of The Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, with the permit number: 20220926001. Procedures involving animals and their care were conducted in conformity with NIH guidelines (NIH Pub. No. 85-23, revised 1996). The maximal tumor size permitted by our institutional ethics committee guidelines is 2 cm in diameter, or any tumor burden that does not cause significant discomfort, impaired mobility, or affect the well-being of the animal. We confirm that the maximal tumor size/burden as outlined by our ethics committee was not exceeded at any point during the study. In all cases, animals were closely monitored, and any discomfort or significant tumor growth was addressed promptly. In instances where tumors approached the size limit, animals were euthanized following the approved humane endpoints to avoid exceeding the permitted tumor burden. In addition, the research protocol for this study was rigorously reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Wuzhong People’s Hospital, under the approval number 2024lw03. This endorsement signifies adherence to ethical standards and guidelines for conducting research involving human participants. Prior to participation, all patients involved in this study were fully informed about the nature and objectives of the research. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, ensuring their voluntary engagement and comprehension of the research procedures and implications.

: Every patience participant had been aware of this research and provided their consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.