Yu, Zhengqiu
Fang, Lexin
Ding, Yueping
Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2025
First Online: 3 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of MIT and Harvard Medical School. Given the retrospective nature of the study using the MIMIC-IV database, the requirement for informed consent was waived. The researchers obtained necessary permissions to access the MIMIC-IV database (certification numbers: 48061114, 38118593).