Gao, Wenxing
Li, Qian
Zhang, Rui
Wu, Xiao
Suo, Qian
Ji, Gang
Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study utilized routinely collected claims data comprising secondary, de-identified information without any personally identifiable elements, leading to grant exemptions for both ethical approval and informed consent requirements. The ethics committee determined that the research design aligned with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.