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Authors
Liu, Lulu
Ma, Qian
Yu, Guangzan
Ji, Xuhou
He, Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7202037)
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study is based on the latest MIMIC-IV database (version 3.1). As the analysis utilized publicly available de-identified data, institutional review board approval at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center was waived, and informed consent was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and this study adheres to STROBE guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
