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Authors
Wang, Yan
Yu, Zhimeng
Zhang, Huan
Mei, Zhusong
Wang, Lei
Fan, Chongxi
Wu, Yan
Yang, Minghao
Shi, Yongquan
Shang, Lei
Han, Zheyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-8656
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical Research Project of Air Force Medical University (2022LC2245)
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Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Revised: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: As the data used in this study were obtained from publicly available NHANES data, all data-related research had previously received approval from their respective ethical review committees and had obtained written informed consent from the participants. Consequently, this study does not require additional ethical approval.
: We used anonymous de-identified data that are publicly available from the NHANES. The NHANES obtained informed consent from all participants. Information related to this process can be found at We used anonymous de-identified data that are publicly available from the NHANES. The NHANES obtained informed consent from all participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
