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Authors
Qian, Tianchen
Lin, Pengyao
Zhu, Qingjing
Wang, Shisong
Liu, Yiyun
Xie, Jiarong
Xu, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300654, 82270602)
Key Project of the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2024J038)
Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program (2023020612)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Approval of CHARLS was ratified by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent forms were completed by all participants in CHARLS study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
