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Authors
Qian, Tianchen
Lin, Pengyao
Zhu, Qingjing
Wang, Shisong
Liu, Yiyun
Xie, Jiarong
Xu, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300654)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270602)
Key Project of the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2024J038)
Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program (2023020612)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Change Date: 1 January 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the affiliation has been updated.
Declarations
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: The Ethics Approval of CHARLS was ratified by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent forms were completed by all participants in CHARLS study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
