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Article History

Received: 7 July 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All animal experiments were approved by the Academic Ethics Committee of Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University and conducted in strict accordance with the regulations for laboratory animal management and use. Efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and to reduce their sufferings.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.