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Authors
Chai, Ya-ni
An, Xiao-bin
Xue, Jing
Zhou, Bo-yang
Shi, Ya-juan
Wang, Nan
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinkiand approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital (KS2025-008).
: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective analysis of quality improvement measures in routine clinical practice. Since the intervention (PDCA cycle management) is part of the hospital's standard workflow optimization, and the data were collected through electronic medical record review without prospective enrollment, formal trial registration is not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
