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Authors
Gao, Pengjie
Xu, Suining
Zhuo, Yan
Yan, Yiran
Kamili, Kamila
Wang, Danni
Li, Xiyang
Xing, Haijian
Tian, Gang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shaanxi province Key Research and Development Project-Social Development Sector (Grant No. 2022SF-574)
Bureau-level Scientific Research Project - General Cultivation Project (Grant No. 2025ms12)
Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30871042)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board reviewed and gave approval to the survey. All participants signed the written consent. Given the public nature of the NHANES database, ethical approval was not required for our study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
