Peng, Gang-gang
Zhou, Pan
Liu, Wei
Lei, Jing-heng
Zhou, Yue-jie
Cao, Zhi-hui
Li, Shu-ya
Deng, Zhe
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KCXFZ2023073109410002)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82471574)
Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Trauma treatment (LCYSSQ20220823091405012)
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital Clinical Research Fund of Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Project (No. 20253357007)
Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: This study utilized de-identified data from the publicly available eICU–CRD v2.0 database. Original data collection received approval from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ethics Committee and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Database access was granted following completion of requisite training and registration protocols. Given the retrospective nature of this analysis using anonymized public data, individual patient consent was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.