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Authors
Wu, Meiting
Sun, Huijun
Lv, Huiying
Zhu, Aiyong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the 100 Talents Program Funding for Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences (A3-0200-24-311007-4)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: Data was extracted from the eICU-CRD database (record ID: 62421491) under the HIPAA safe harbor provision, following the PhysioNet review committee's data usage agreement. This retrospective analysis used anonymous data and did not need local ethics committee approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
